Plants may be organized according to their seasonal growth pattern:

Annual: live and reproduce within one growing season.
Biennial: live for two growing seasons; usually reproduce in second year.
Perennial: live for many growing seasons; continue to reproduce once mature.
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Importance of Plants

Plants are essential to the balance of nature and in people's lives. Green plants, i.e., those possessing chlorophyll, manufacture their own food and give off oxygen in the process called photosynthesis, in which water and carbon dioxide are combined by the energy of light.

Plants are the ultimate source of food and metabolic energy for nearly all animals, which cannot manufacture their own food. Besides foods (e.g., grains, fruits, and vegetables), plant products vital to humans include wood and wood products, fibers, drugs, oils, latex, pigments, and resins. Coal and petroleum are fossil substances of plant origin.

Thus plants provide people not only sustenance but shelter, clothing, medicines, fuels, and the raw materials from which innumerable other products are made. A number of plants are used decoratively, including a variety of flowers. Some vascular plants, referred to as trees and shrubs, produce woody stems and are an important source of building material. Much of human nutrition depends on cereals. Other plants that are eaten include fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices.

Plant Studies

A more understandable breakdown of plants follows:

Trees
A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant. Though there is no set definition regarding minimum size, the term generally applies to plants at least 6 m (20 ft) high at maturity and, more importantly, having secondary branches supported on a single main stem or trunk (see shrub for comparison). Compared with most other plant forms, trees are long-lived. A few species of trees grow to 100 m tall, and some can live for several millennia.
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Fruit Trees
A fruit tree is a tree bearing fruit — the structures formed by the ripened ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. However, because all trees of flowering plants produce fruit (essentially all trees except tree ferns and gymnosperms), the term in horticultural usage applies to trees providing fruit as human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include fruit in a culinary sense as well as some nut bearing trees, like walnuts .
We All Need To Have Fruit In Our Diets

Shrubs
A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall.
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Hedges

In gardening a hedge is a row of woody plants, generally of one species, used to demarcate spaces. If a mixture of small trees and shrubs is used instead, to keep people and animals from straying through pasture or cropland, the result is a hedgerow. Some hedgerows separating fields from lanes in England and the Low Countries are estimated to be over seven hundred years old.
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Rose Bushes
A rose is a rose is a rose, until you come face to face with the thousands of different varieties on the market. Choose a rose to please your nose and eyes, but also make sure it suits your climate's demands--whether you're seeking a climber for an arbor or fence, a shrub rose for a flower garden, or a landscape rose for ground cover.
Almost 300 Rose Items Found Here

Ground Covers
Groundcover is any plant used for the purpose of growing over an area of ground to hide it or to protect it from erosion or drought.

Strictly speaking, the most widespread groundcover are grasses of various types. In common parlance, however, the term groundcover refers to non-grass plants that are used in place of grasses.
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Vines
The term vine was originally a term for the plant on which grapes grew, from the word for wine (Greek oinos), for which grapes were grown. In American usage "vine" is now a generic term for all climbing plants. In British English "The vine" is specifically the Grape vine ; other vines are termed "climbers".
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Ferns
A fern, or pteridophyte, is any one of a group of some twenty thousand species of plants classified in the Division Pteridophyta, formerly known as Filicophyta. A fern is defined as a vascular plant that does not produce seeds, but reproduces by spores to initiate an alternation of generations. New sporophyte fronds typically arise by circinate vernation (that is, "leaf" formation by unrolling).
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Ornamental Grasses
Ornamental Grasses have become increasingly popular over the last several years. Ornamental grasses vary in sizes from a few inches to several feet. What many people do not know is that grasses come in brown, blue, red, green, cream, and variegations that don't stop. What gives grasses their long season is that the new growth is lush and beautiful, the summer appearance can be spectacular, and the flowers are often dramatic and long lasting. Almost all ornamental grasses are perennials, that is they come up in spring, from their roots, which have stored large quantities of energy, and come fall or winter go dormant. A small percentage are evergreen, and even fewer are annuals. A few grasses are simply species and can be grown from seed. Most are 'cultivars', a particular line of some species, and must be propagated by dividing an existing plant.
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Bulbs
A bulb is an underground vertical shoot that has modified leaves (or thickened leaf bases) that are used as food storage organs by a dormant plant. Other types of storage organs (such as corms, rhizomes, and tubers) are sometimes erroneously referred to as bulbs. The correct term for plants that form underground storage organs, including bulbs as well as tubers and corms, is geophyte.

Herbs
An herb (pronounced "urb" in American English and "hurb" in British English) is a plant grown for culinary or medicinal value. The green, leafy part of the plant is typically used. General usage differs between culinary herbs and medicinal herbs. A medicinal herb may be a shrub or other woody plant, whereas a culinary herb is a non-woody plant. By contrast, spices are the seeds, berries, bark, root, or other parts of the plant, even leaves in some cases. Culinary herbs are distinguished from vegetables in that they are used in small quantities and provide flavor rather than substance to food.
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Indoor Plants
A houseplant is a plant that is grown indoors in places such as a house or office. Houseplants are usually herbs and are mainly decorative.
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Perennial
A perennial plant or perennial (Latin per, "through", annus, "year") is a plant that produces flowers and seeds more than one time in its lifespan, and therefore lives for more than one year. This term is usually applied to herbaceous plants or small shrubs rather than large shrubs or trees, but used strictly it also applies to all plants which flowers and produces seeds more than once.
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Annuals
Annual, from the Latin annuum, or year means pertaining to a year or happening every year. An annual plant has a lifespan of a year or less. These are generally plants adapted to life as weeds or in difficult habitats where quick flowering and seeding are necessary.
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Seeds
A seed is the ripened ovule of gymnosperm or angiosperm plants. The importance of the seed relative to more primitive forms of reproduction and dispersal is attested to by the success of these two groups of plants in dominating the landscape.
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Weeds
Weed is the generic word for a plant growing in a spot where it is not wanted. Weeds become of economic significance in connection with farming, where weeds may damage crops when growing in fields and poison domesticated animals when growing on pasture land. Many weeds are short-lived annual plants, that normally take advantage of temporarily bare soil to produce another generation of seeds before the soil is covered over again by slower growth; with the advent of agriculture, with extensive areas of ploughed soil exposed every year, the opportunities for such plants have expanded greatly.
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Most of this page is compiled from www.Wikipedia.org

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